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Each and every one of China’s Great Walls functioned primarily as a physical barrier to block the southerly advance of n...
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Before unification in 221 B.C. there were a number of Changcheng (Long Walls), but it was Emperor Qin Shihuang who creat...
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After construction of the Walled Square of Chu many more ‘new era’ Long Walls were built from the late fourth century B....
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Three very early text records provide clues on when the first changcheng, or long wall, may have begun.
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